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Glossary Of Fabric Terms [25]

G Gabardine Tough, tightly woven fabric used to make suits, overcoats, trousers, uniforms, windbreakers and other garments. The fibre used to make the fabric is traditionally worsted wool, but may also be cotton, texturised polyester, or a blend. Gabardine is woven as a warp-faced steep or regular twill, with a prominent diagonal rib on the face and smooth surface on the back.
Gannex Waterproof fabric composed of an outer layer of nylon and an inner layer of wool with air between them and was invented in 1951 by Joseph Kagan, a British industrialist and the founder of Kagan Textiles.
Gante A cloth made from cotton or tow warp and jute weft. It is largely used for bags for sugar and similar material, and has the appearance of a fine hessian cloth.
Gantt Chart A type of bar chart, devised by Henry Gantt in the 1910s, that illustrates a project schedule, including start and finish dates of its terminal elements and its summary elements. It is used in many industries, including the textile one.
Garment Specification A document of a product which contains the sketch of garment design, fabric construction and its other required characteristics. It is provided by the buyer to the garment merchandisers at the beginning of a garment production order.
Gauge In knitting, the word gauge is used both in hand knitting and machine knitting; the latter, technical abbreviation GG, refers to "Knitting Machines" fineness size. In both cases, the term refers to the number of stitches per inch, not the size of the finished garment. In both cases, the gauge is measured by counting the number of stitches (in hand knitting) or the number of needles (on a knitting machine bed) over several inches then dividing by the number of inches in the width of the sample.
Gauge Wire The measurement of how large a wire is, either in diameter or cross sectional area.
Gauze Thin, translucent fabric with a loose open weave.
Gazar Silk or wool plain weave fabric made with high-twist double yarns woven as one. Gazar has a crisp hand and a smooth texture. Much used in bridal and evening fashion due to its ability to hold its shape
Genova velvet The type of black velvet produced in Genoa, Italy. Among Venice and Florence, Genoa has traditionally been recognized as the most important Italian center of high-quality velvet production.
Georgette Sheer, lightweight, dull-finished crêpe fabric named after the early 20th century French dressmaker Georgette de la Plante. Originally made from silk, Georgette is made with highly twisted yarns. Its characteristic crinkly surface is created by alternating S- and Z-twist yarns in both warp and weft. Georgette is made in solid colors and prints and is used for blouses, dresses, evening gowns, saris, and trimmings. It is springier and less lustrous than the closely related chiffon
Geotextiles Permeable fabrics which, when used in association with soil, have the ability to separate, filter, reinforce, protect, or drain. Typically made from polypropylene or polyester, geotextile fabrics come in three basic forms: woven (resembling mail bag sacking), needle punched (resembling felt), or heat bonded (resembling ironed felt). Geotextiles and related products have many applications and currently support many civil engineering applications including roads, airfields, railroads, embankments, retaining structures, reservoirs, canals, dams, bank protection, coastal engineering and construction site silt fences or geotube.
Ghalamkar Type of hand-painted or block-printed cotton textile, produced in parts of India and Iran. Only natural dyes are used in kalamkari, as it is also called, and its application involves seventeen steps. Paintings mostly depict epics such as the Ramayana or Mahabharata, howvere, more recent applications of the technique depict Buddha and Buddhist art forms.
Gingham Medium-weight balanced plain-woven fabric made from dyed cotton or cotton-blend yarn. It is made of carded, medium or fine yarns, where the colouring is on the warp yarns and always along the weft. Gingham has no right or wrong side with respect to color. Often used as a test fabric while designing fashion or used for making an inexpensive fitting shell prior to making the clothing in fashion fabric
Glass Fiber Material consisting of numerous extremely fine fibers of glass. Uses for regular glass fiber include mats and fabrics for thermal insulation, electrical insulation, sound insulation, high-strength fabrics or heat- and corrosion-resistant fabrics. It is also used to reinforce various materials, such as tent poles, pole vault poles, arrows, bows and crossbows, translucent roofing panels, automobile bodies, hockey sticks, surfboards, boat hulls, and paper honeycomb.
Gore-Tex Waterproof, breathable fabric membrane and registered trademark of W. L. Gore and Associates. Invented in 1969, Gore-Tex is able to repel liquid water while allowing water vapor to pass through, and is designed to be a lightweight, waterproof fabric for all-weather use.
Gossamer A very light, sheer, gauze-like fabric, popular for white wedding dresses and decorations.
Graphite Fiber Carbon fibers or carbon fibres (alternatively CF, graphite fiber or graphite fibre) are fibers about 5–10 micrometres in diameter and composed mostly of carbon atoms. The properties of carbon fibers, such as high stiffness, high tensile strength, low weight, high chemical resistance, high temperature tolerance and low thermal expansion, make them very popular in aerospace, civil engineering, military, and motorsports, along with other competition sports. However, they are relatively expensive when compared with similar fibers, such as glass fibers or plastic fibers.
Green Textiles Textiles produced and manufactured with minimal impact on the environment.
Greige Fabric Greige or grey fabric is basically unfinished woven fabric that is yet to be dyed or bleached. It is not grey in color, as it is often mistaken.
Grenadine Textile type characterized by its light, open, gauze-like feel, and is made on jacquard looms. Originally produced in Italy and worn as a black silk lace in France in the eighteenth century, it is now woven with silk for use in ties.
Grenfell Cloth Densely-woven cotton gabardine material used to make luxury and outdoor clothing since 1923. Named after Sir Wilfred Grenfell, a British medical missionary who worked in Newfoundland, and required a cloth for the protection from snowy, windy, wet and cold weather.
Grogram A coarse fabric of silk mixed with wool or mohair and often stiffened with gum.
Grosgrain Heavy, stiff ribbon of silk or nylon woven via taffeta weave using a heavy weft which results in distinct transverse ribs. Used in clothing, book-binding, musical instruments, etc.
Gross Margin In business, the difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.